This paper devises and tests a state-dependent approach to forecasting the downside risk of financial assets. The approach has three merits. First, it proposes downside risk prediction conditional on the state of the real economy to recognize the countercyclical nature of financial risk. Second,...

We propose a new 3-step resampling approach to forecast portfolio tail risk conditional on the economic state. The approach first predicts economic states using a set of macroeconomic and financial variables. We then forecast the joint distribution of multiple assets in the portfolio according...

In this study, we investigate whether geopolitical risk is a pricing factor in cross-sectional commodity futures returns. By estimating the exposure of commodity futures returns on a geopolitical risk index, we find that commodities with high-risk beta generate 7.92% higher annual returns than...