overall trade policy uncertainty. In a counterfactual scenario where WTO members can arbitrarily increase tariffs they are 4 …This paper studies how WTO rules and flexibilities shape its members' trade policy responses to import shocks. Guided … by a cost benefit analysis model and using a unique database of tariff bindings for all WTO countries over the 1996 …

above the MFN applied rate. In addition, the WTO reduces trade policy uncertainty through its monitoring function. These …Do WTO commitments reduce the risk of trade policy reversals? To address this question, we rely on the theoretical … tariff increase. We then study how WTO tariff commitments affect this probability. We estimate our model using a database of …

above the MFN applied rate. In addition, the WTO reduces trade policy uncertainty through its monitoring function. These …Do WTO commitments reduce the risk of trade policy reversals? To address this question, we rely on the theoretical … tariff increase. We then study how WTO tariff commitments affect this probability. We estimate our model using a database of …

One of the unforeseen consequences of the WTO agreements has been controversy over risk. This volume explores aspects … of risk with special reference to the WTO, where national instruments to reduce risk may conflict with international … trade rules. The book is divided into sections dealing with: accounting for risk in trade agreements; risk and the WTO …