The contemporary refining sector has to contend with many types of risks, among which price risk is considered to be the foremost. Moreover, refineries define it as a commodity risk and identify it with both opportunities and threats carried by changes in prices of crude oil and products of...

We show that the innovation in the risk-neutral probability of large downward and upward jumps in oil prices has a considerable predictive power for important economic indicators such as GDP growth, consumption growth, and total investment. In addition, we observe that the upside jump risk...

In this study, we attempt to revisit how dependent the US stock market returns are on climate change-related risks (CCRR). In this regard, we use a spillover and connectedness network analysis to assess the strength of the causal effect and transmission pathway of CCRR proxies (green index,...

This paper discusses how commodity returns had in the past mainly relied on portfolio effects and term-structure properties of individual commodity futures contracts. But the paper also notes that rare trend shifts, as occurred in the early 1970's, can also be a meaningful source of returns for...

We study the interactions between cryptocurrencies, stock markets, and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) by means of a Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregressive (FAVAR) framework. We rely on two market factors to model the comovements of returns within cryptocurrencies and stock markets. We...