Sample covariance matrices tend to underestimate the risk of optimized portfolios. In this article, we identify special portfolios, termed “eigenportfolios,” that capture these systematic biases. Further, we present a methodology for estimating eigenportfolio biases and for adjusting the...

According to the existing literature, institutional investors have a significant impact on the litigation risk of publicly traded companies. This should be particularly true after the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (PSLRA) of 1995 that encourages institutional investors to serve as...

We examine auction design in a context where symmetrically informed buyers and sellers of a good with a common but uncertain value learn through experience. Buyer strategies, even in the very long run, do not converge to the Bertrand-Nash strategy of bidding the expected value of the good....