The Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) has considered climate change as a risk issue since 2010. Several emission … financial performances, especially of listed companies. There are two ways these companies can disclose their transition risk … exposure and are not alternatives. One is the explicit declaration of exposure to transition risk in the legally binding …

, I find that higher temperature anomalies lower sovereign bond performances (i.e. increase sovereign risk) significantly …

, I find that higher temperature anomalies lower sovereign bond performances (i.e. increase sovereign risk) significantly …

12, I find that higher temperature anomalies lower sovereign bond performances (i.e., increase sovereign risk …

, which are disproportionately affected by climate change, raises significant concerns. This study shows that sovereign risk …. Countries with elevated risk levels are disproportionately vulnerable to climate change compared to their lower-risk … vulnerability to climate change, in terms of sovereign risk, particularly for countries with low spreads and long-term debt …

financial markets. The climate related risk is divided into three subcategories, the environmental uncertainty, the economic … climate risk and the climate policy risk, which all of them may affect the markets directly or indirectly. The perspective is … market valuation of the climate risk. …

composition of the optimal mix as both persuade the risk-averse social planner to invest more in mitigation. Overall, we identify …