We develop an incomplete markets framework to synthesize domestic and foreign stochastic discount factors (SDFs) that are consistent with limited international risk sharing. The fundamental departure in our paper is that exchange rate growth need not equal the ratio of SDFs, and we develop a...

The concept of best-estimate, prescribed by regulators to value insurance liabilities for accounting and solvency purposes, has recently been discussed extensively in the industry and related academic literature. To differentiate hedgeable and non-hedgeable risks in a general case, recent...