Formulary apportionment is an intensively debated mechanism for allocating tax base within multinational groups. Systems under which the formula is identical in all jurisdictions and systems under which jurisdictions can determine the weights on the formula factors individually can be observed....

Formulary apportionment is an intensively debated mechanism for allocating tax base within multinational groups. Systems under which the formula is identical in all jurisdictions and systems under which jurisdictions can determine the weights on the formula factors individually can be observed....

This paper analyzes the effects of legal uncertainty, as measured by differences in legal systems, the existence of double tax agreements, and corruption, around corporate income taxation on foreign direct investment (FDI). We find that an increase in the ratio of the statutory corporate income...