In this paper, we explore the climate risk exposure of U.S. life insurers’ commercial mortgage loan portfolios, focusing on sea level rise (SLR) and flood risks. Commercial mortgages are an important asset class of life insurers: Approximately 15% of the life insurance industry asset is held...

We examine whether and how institutional investors respond to mandatory climate risk disclosure. We exploit the staggered adoption of a climate risk disclosure regulation by U.S. states that made the disclosure mandatory for insurers. Leveraging detailed data on insurers' investment portfolios,...