We devise a hierarchical decision-making architecture for We devise a hierarchical decision-making architecture for portfolio optimization on multiple markets. At the highest level a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agent selects among a number of discrete actions, representing low-level...

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, policymakers in the United States and elsewhere have adopted stress testing as a central tool for supervising large, complex, financial institutions and promoting financial stability. Although supervisory stress testing may confer substantial...

Our paper investigates Indonesia's systemically important banks (SIBs) using theoretical approaches-CoVaR, marginal expected shortfall (MES), and SRISK-to compare with the Basel guidelines as benchmark. We use Indonesian banks' market and supervisory data over the 2008-2019 period. The research...