The paper explores how the adoption of enterprise risk management (ERM) practices influences external audit fees in large pharmaceutical firms. The results show that the mere presence of a Chief Risk Officer does not influence external audit fees. However, when we take the different ERM...

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between profits and risks of Frasers Centerpoint Limited. This study was carried out using the secondary data which was obtained from the annual reports of five companies in consecutive years from 2013 until 2017. Return on asset (ROA) has...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the measurement of the bank credit risk required for the indicator, the use of financial information, and the relationship of the company's information collected by the bank over the years and based on the past research like articles, journal and so...

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between profits and risks of five companies which Frasers Centerpoint Limited, Far East Orchard, CapitaLand Limited, and City Development, Buking Sembawang Estates Limited. This study was carried out using the secondary data which was...

Contrary to prior evidence, we show that corporations don't necessarily follow a systematic trade-off between cash holdings and risk management policies and that cash holdings are not a viable substitute for hedging using derivative instruments. Most importantly, we document an economically...

Enterprise risk management (ERM) has emerged as a framework for more holistic and integrated risk management with an emphasis on enhanced governance of the risk management system. ERM should theoretically reduce the volatility of cash flows, agency risk and information risk – ultimately...

Risk is a vital concept to grasp when investing in a firm or project. It is also a key ingredient required to evaluate the cost of capital and perform a valuation. An organization’s capital structure, specifically the amount of leverage and debt financing employed, must be accounted for to...

If the creditworthiness of a counterparty is a derivative of a commodity price, there is the potential to have right- or wrong-way exposures in respective commodity transaction. Identifying them is important, because otherwise credit costs might be inadequately calculated and wrong incentives...

This paper presents the extensive literature survey based both on theoretical rationales for hedging as well as the empirical evidence that support the implications of the theory regarding the arguments for the corporate risk management relevance and its influence on the company’s value. The...

Islamic banking is interest-free banking which makes it necessary for Islamic banks to take active part in the operations of the business, i.e. share profits as well as losses. Banks including Islamic banks prefer to take minimum risk. On the surface, it may seem that Islamic banks face more...