In this work, we have found a risk model that improves the performance of Risk Targeting. Risk Targeting in portfolio construction is implemented to improve capital utilization in growing markets and systematically step away from risk scenarios. However, the performance of risk targeting varies...

Historical VaR, CVaR and ES (Expected Shortfall) to LIQUIDATION Software is a model characterized by its straightforwardness, allowing regulators measure risk using a standard database of primitive factors and portfolio positions only, leaving little error margin in comparing market risk for...

Asset allocation strategies which utilize stop-loss and stop-gain rules may dramatically decrease risk and even increase long-term return relative to passive investing. I introduce an asset allocation strategy which shifts portfolio weights based on simplistic stop rules. The two-asset (S&P...

We analyze the dependency of the optimal hedge and its efficiency on the correlation between the asset to be hedged, and the hedge instrument. The optimal portion of the hedge instrument depends on this correlation, and on the ratio of the volatilities. Efficiency is defined as the percental...

This paper develops new financial theory to link the third order stochastic dominance for risk-averse and risk-seeking investors and provide illustration of application in risk management. We present some interesting new properties of third order stochastic dominance (TSD) for risk-averse and...

Using leverage to magnify performance is an idea that has enticed investors and traders throughout history. The critical question of when to employ leverage and when to reduce risk, though, is not often addressed. We establish that volatility is the enemy of leverage and that streaks in...

In this paper we first extend the theory of almost stochastic dominance (ASD) (for risk averters) to include the ASD for risk-seeking investors. We then study the relationship between ASD for risk seekers and ASD for risk averters. Recently, Tsetlin, et al. (2015) develop the theory of...

The concept of enterprise risk management will be examined in the context of multi-strategy hedge funds and fund of hedge funds. This paper seeks to demonstrate that risk at these organizations has to be considered holistically and not in “silos”. A number of qualitative and quantitative...

Diversification practices by banks affect their own risk of failing and the risk of the banking system as a whole (systemic risk). A seminal theoretical work has shown that linear diversification can reduce the risk of a bank failing, but at the cost of increasing systemic risk. Later, a...

Factor investing has been around for several decades, backed by an enormous body of literature, and yet it is still surrounded by much confusion and debate. Some of the rhetoric and myths have existed for a long time, while others have arisen in response to the difficult performance from 2018 to...