The opacity of the banking business has been identified as a main source of stock crash risk. Level 3 financial instruments are particularly opaque products, as their fair value is neither directly available nor measurable using market prices. Focusing on Europe, we find robust evidence that L3...

We investigate the extent of credit risk management in the Indonesian rural banking industry. Specifically, we focus on the role of diversification, capital buffer, and ownership on the probability of incidence and trajectory of two credit risk proxies—loan loss reserve to non-performing loan...

What determines reputational loss following operational losses in banking? The purpose of this paper is to empirically address this question. We estimate the reputational risk for a large sample of banks in Europe and the U.S. between 2003 and 2008. We have two main results. First, we provide...

Reputation is a key asset for any company whose affairs are based on trust like banks. Despite its importance, the number of studies dealing with reputational risk in financial industry is still limited. We estimate the reputational impact of announced operational losses for a large sample of...