cost of malpractice liability. Specifically, we test whether physicians exploit provisions of bankruptcy laws and adjust … larger in areas with higher liability risk, where physicians would have greater incentive to insure against financial risks … (self-protection) or size (self-insurance) of a loss. However, in the case of liability risk, especially physician responses …

cost of malpractice liability. Specifically, we test whether physicians exploit provisions of bankruptcy laws and adjust … with higher liability risk, where physicians would have greater incentive to insure against financial risks. Our findings … (self-protection) or size (self-insurance) of a loss. However, in the case of liability risk, especially physician responses …

profit without adequately bearing the liability for potential loss. Social implications The condition of ḍamān al …