Purpose - This paper aims to determine the status of the socialist market economy through a logical analysis of the evolution of economic systems in human society. Design/methodology/approach - This paper presents an analysis of uncertainty and the functions performed by different economic...

The Kyrgyz Republic is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest, and China to the east. A wide variety of natural hazards also affect the Kyrgyz Republic. Earthquakes are common and have led to loss of life and significant damage to infrastructure...

This paper analyses vulnerability in Fiji, the Kyrgyz republic, Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu. In incorporating measures of vulnerability there is no major departure from the perspective of MDG1 Analyses of vulnerability, like that in the present paper, emphasize the fact that the debates around...