. The second chapter provides a theory of offshoring under imitation risk that explains optimal dynamic adjustments of firms … intellectual property rights and of offshoring costs on the rate of innovation and on the offshoring intensity. In chapter 4 I …' successful patent applications. The last chapter describes sector-level input-output relationships in eleven European economies …

Innovation is an inherently uncertain process. Success is typically coupled with risk and we can only hope that those … with great ideas will persevere. To encourage innovation, society reduces some of the innovation risk through structures … simply stop playing the game.Such uncertainty has recently been a topic of great concern in the U.S. patent system. Some …

There are three essential sources of uncertainty in the patent system: perceived uncertainty due to selective sampling … that should be of concern to reformers. With respect to this source, uncertainty in the patent system is largely a function … of two variables: the degree of inherent abstraction associated with the patent, and the degree to which the patent …