We relax assumptions on individual risk preference, and set two theoretical rules for portfolio choices: either … minimize or maximize risk, for any return. Risk is modeled by four alternative formulas. We empirically test these rules by … uniquely consider 'money'; or they experience a 'subjective' perception of money. We find a large dominance of risk …

useful for out-of-sample prediction. Nor do we find practical applications of Bernoulli functions in major risk …

Most textbook finance literature assumes risk to be the standard deviation of returns (volatility), which is not only … is consistent with investors’ actual perception of risk. Our method is presenting investors return distributions with … different risk characteristics for which they have to state their perceived risk and make investment decisions. Our results hint …

useful for out-of-sample prediction. Nor do we find practical applications of Bernoulli functions in major risk … potentially observable opportunities rather than on unobservable Bernoulli functions. -- expected utility ; risk aversion ; St …

choices being observed, compared to anonymity of choices, on risk taking in a laboratory experiment. I relate participants …' investments in a risky asset directly to social norms for risk taking that are elicited in an incentivized procedure. I find that … risk taking is not affected by the choice being observed by a matched participant. Nor do investments follow elicited norms …

language may influence risk perception and investment behavior, no study has explored the causal effects of linguistic … asked to answer an extensive questionnaire covering risk perception and individual characteristics such as Big 5 personality … and financial literacy. Empirically, we observe a significant positive impact of linguistic uncertainty on risk perception …

. The latter involves decisions under ambiguity, decisions under risk, decisions after gaining experience and decisions …We assess the ability of different risk profiling measures to predict risk taking along a multi-stage decision process … after receiving outcome information on previous decisions. We find that in all decisions risk taking can be predicted by …

We propose the Virtual Bingo Blower (VBB) as a way to generate credible risk and ambiguity in computerized experiments …, we measure ambiguity attitudes and vary the source of ambiguity, using either the VBB or natural events. We find that the … VBB and natural events result in a similar degree of ambiguity aversion. Further, we find that, by manipulating the number …