This paper presents the shadow Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) of Ma (2011a) as an intertemporal equilibrium asset pricing model, and tests it empirically. In contrast to the classical CAPM - a single factor model based on a strong behavioral or distributional assumption, the shadow CAPM can...

In this study, we investigate the tail dependency between bank stocks in China and 35 common risk factors. We measure univariate and multivariate conditional tail risk probabilities. The evidence indicates that tail events from risk factors in the banking, security trading, real estate, and...

Separating good and bad borrowers is a key role of banks. To do this, banks need monitoring systems and they need to monitor risky loans. We show that the investment in monitoring systems encourages risk taking, which leads to higher regulatory costs for the bank. This effect is so strong that...