Is the perception of risk, as outlined and defined by the regulatory and supervisory community, shared by private financial institutions? In this paper we assess a representative sample of recent publicly available risk perspectives and outlooks, and study similarities and differences. We find...

Short sellers face unique risks, such as the risk that stock loans become expensive and the risk that stock loans are recalled. We show that short-selling risk affects prices among the cross-section of stocks. Stocks with more short-selling risk have lower returns, less price efficiency, and...