We model a firm’s value process controlled by a manager maximizing expected utility from restricted shares and employee stock options. The manager also dynamically controls allocation of his outside wealth. We explore interactions between those controls as he partially hedges his exposure to...

In addition to its well-documented alignment effect, managerial ownership may also value-destroying effects by shifting risk to managers and encouraging risk-substitution; that is, managers with relatively undiversified personal portfolios tend to pass up profitable projects with high...

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between profits and risks of five companies which Frasers Centerpoint Limited, Far East Orchard, CapitaLand Limited, and City Development, Buking Sembawang Estates Limited. This study was carried out using the secondary data which was...

The “low risk anomaly” refers to the empirical pattern that apparently high-risk equities do not earn commensurately high returns. In this paper, we consider the possibility that the risk anomaly represents mispricing, not a misspecification of risk, and develop the implications for...

This study examines the effect of family management, ownership, and control on capital structure for 523 listed and unlisted Colombian firms between 1996 and 2006 (5,094 firm-year observations). The study finds that when families are involved in management, debt levels tend to be lower for...

This study provides evidence that firms adapt to macroeconomic, real, or financial economic uncertainty by decreasing their innovation activities. The way firms adapt is related to both internal factors such as patent types (exploratory versus exploitative patents), asset redeployability, patent...

Risk is a vital concept to grasp when investing in a firm or project. It is also a key ingredient required to evaluate the cost of capital and perform a valuation. An organization’s capital structure, specifically the amount of leverage and debt financing employed, must be accounted for to...

After the 2008 events that occurred in world financial markets, all organizations have increased interest in risk management. It is very clear that risk management brings benefits to the organization. By taking a proactive approach to risk and risk management, organizations will be able to...

The authors examine China’s shadow banking institutions for financial risks. They use a bank stress test to analyze solvency risk for the systemically important financial institutions and the banking system as a whole. They find that there is some risk of bankruptcy and potentially a risk of...

The entire market of Polish financial broker-dealer was examined. The research was conducted on the first year of implementation of the capital requirements disclosure. There was identified a relation between accounting and supervisory disclosure requirements. A relation between audit opinions...