Covariance appears throughout investment management, e.g., in risk reporting and control, portfolio construction, risk parity, smart beta, algorithmic trading, and hedging. It is usually represented via multi-factor model. The form’s fewer parameters and structure—comovement through...

Classical asset allocation methods have assumed that the distribution of asset returns is smooth, well behaved with stable statistical moments over time. The distribution is assumed to have constant moments with e.g., Gaussian distribution that can be conveniently parameterised by the first two...

This paper analyses and develops insights to systematic risk and diversification when random, imperfectly dependent, losses are aggregated. Systematic risk and diversification are shown to vary across layers of component losses according to local dependence and volatility structures. Systematic...

In this work, we have found a risk model that improves the performance of Risk Targeting. Risk Targeting in portfolio construction is implemented to improve capital utilization in growing markets and systematically step away from risk scenarios. However, the performance of risk targeting varies...

This paper establishes some enlightening connections between the explicit formulas of the finite-time ruin probability established by Ignatov and Kaishev (2000, 2004) and Ignatov et al. (2001) for a risk model allowing dependence. The numerical properties of these formulas are investigated and...

This paper presents a quantitative model of financial transactions between economic agents on economic space. Risk ratings of economic agents play role of their coordinates. Aggregate amounts of agent's financial variables at point x define macro financial variables as functions of time and...

Risk decomposition is a standard tool for analyzing investment portfolio risk. The portfolio is divided into notional parts—e.g., individual securities, holdings by sector or region, factor exposures—whose contributions to net risk are estimated and reported. Convention regards the...

We consider an investor who faces parameter uncertainty in a continuous-time financial market. We model the investor's preference by a power utility function leading to constant relative risk aversion. We show that the loss in expected utility is large when using a simple plug-in strategy for...