Properly identifying, measuring and mitigating pension risks continues to be a critical element of fiduciary governance. The complexity and ongoing nature of the risk management process is sometimes overlooked as less important than realising a particular rate of return. Recent market...

This study examines whether the equity incentives of the CFO are associated with earnings management. Prior research investigates delta and vega for the average of the top five executives on the firm’s financial misreporting. The top 5 executives variable most likely captures the culture of...