have always attributed their lack of use in reducing risk via futures and options markets to the high cost associated with …

, such transactions create reinsurance default risk, or the risk that captive reinsurers will default on their obligations to … the underlying insurers. Second, they can expose insurers to recapture risk, or the prospect that an insurer will no … insurance scheme. Third, shadow insurance can create correlated parent company risk by magnifying the prospect that a single …

A large number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted in the field of forensic risk assessment … clinical judgment, a comparison of various risk assessment tools, and the predictive validity of these tools for different …