life of these relatively new financial assets, the COVID-19 pandemic. Uncertainty was evaluated using Shannon’s symbolic …, the analyzed cryptocurrencies’ returns exhibited similar patterns of uncertainty and risk. Levels of uncertainty were … close to the maximum values, but high uncertainty is not always associated with high risk. During the pandemic crisis …

This study examined how uncertainty and global risk affect financial markets in emerging economies, focusing on foreign … structural vector autoregression (VAR) models, the research found that increases in Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU … spreads influence exchange rates, causing currency depreciation. The findings highlight the interconnectedness of uncertainty …