This paper develops a high-frequency risk measure, the Liquidity-adjusted Intraday Value at Risk (LIVaR). Our objective is to explicitly consider the endogenous liquidity dimension associated with order size. Taking liquidity into consideration when using intraday data is important because...

Is univariate or multivariate modelling more effective when forecasting the market risk of stock portfolios? We examine this question in the context of forecasting the one-week-ahead Expected Shortfall of a portfolio invested in the Fama-French and momentum factors. Apply ingextensive tests and...

Operational losses are true dangers for banks since their maximal values to signal default are difficult to predict. This risky situation is unlike default risk whose maximum values are limited by the amount of credit granted. For example, our data from a very large US bank show that this bank...