Observable covariates are useful for predicting default under the natural measure, but several findings question their value for explaining credit spreads under the pricing measure. We introduce a discrete time no-arbitrage model with observable covariates, which allows for a closed form...

Equity risk measured by beta is of great interest to both academics and practitioners. Existing estimates of beta use historical returns. Many studies have found option-implied volatility to be a strong predictor of future realized volatility. We find that option-implied volatility and skewness...

This paper investigates the importance of market incompleteness by comparing the rates of risk aversion estimated from complete and incomplete markets environments. For the incomplete-markets case, we use consumption data for the 50 US states. We find that the rate of risk aversion under the...