The CAPM implies that investors require equity risk premia when choosing risky investments and therefore demand higher … returns to equity invested if higher risk is present. This should apply to investments in independent enterprises and multi … income is set in relation to invested capital, risk measured by earnings volatility emerges as the most important stable …

This study investigates how transfer pricing risk affects the premia in cross-border mergers and acquisitions …. Differences in the rigor of transfer pricing enforcement and the severity and clarity of rules across countries create risk of … material costs for multinationals as they expand globally. We use 448 country-level transfer pricing risk assessments by global …

political closeness, we analyze investors’ response to disaster risk by examining the performance of commercial real estate … negative abnormal returns. Our findings highlight the differences in equity risk premia even within the same industry facing …