Nowadays, economical reality in developed countries shows that the most important and efficient investments are those related to intelligence, stimulating creativity and knowledge. Investments orientation to these three directions guided to the creation of what literature of specialty calls...

The total number of villages in India has increased from 6,38,588 (2001 census) to 6,40,867 (2011 census); However the ratio of increase in rural to urban population is 4:16, which is mainly due to the migration of rural population to urban areas in search of jobs for their livelihood and also...

Rural economies in the United States and Canada are characterized by incomes persistently below those in metropolitan areas and both unemployment and underemployment rates continuously above those in major urban economies. Other socio-economic comparisons also indicate an adverse relationship....

This paper investigates the determinants of the productivity of independent retail stores in Sweden by focusing on the impact of market size and regional hierarchy while controlling for several store and employee characteristics over time. The analysis utilizes Swedish store-level data for the...

In this paper, we study the classical and modern approaches to the formation of regional agro-industrial clusters. In the current market conditions, the creation of a cluster based on the existing regional infrastructure is impractical. In most cases, clusters are called holding structures that...

This paper explores determinants of participation, intensity and the magnitude of the rural nonfarm economy (RNFE) in Tajikistan. Conducting analysis at the district level, in addition to traditional individual and household levels, helps to test the impact of institutional determinants of the...