, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan) and the Middle East (Iran, Iraq, Qatar, Egypt) as well as the Maghreb countries (Algeria …

restructuring, ownership,competition, budget constraints and, particularly, institutions in Russian industry, covering theperiod … assessment of formal andinformal institutions respectively, and largely the same ruling networks as before the start of … budget constraints do not.The substitution, to some extent, of informal for formal institutions may have prevented even …

Can decentralization of firms be successful in an environment with weak institutions? Decentralization can do a great …, which is particularly important for firms that operate under weak institutions. Hence, the popular belief is that in … countries with weak institutions, firms are unable to successfully decentralize. In this paper, we study evidence from Russian …