This paper introduces the third update/release of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDB-R3). The GSDB-R3 extends the …-R3 has been amended with a new variable that distinguishes between unilateral and multilateral sanctions. As before, the … highlight one of the new features of the GSDB, we estimate the heterogeneous effects of unilateral and multilateral sanctions on …

This paper introduces the third update/release of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDB-R3). The GSDB-R3 extends the …-R3 has been amended with a new variable that distinguishes between unilateral and multilateral sanctions. As before, the … highlight one of the new features of the GSDB, we estimate the heterogeneous effects of unilateral and multilateral sanctions on …

This paper introduces the fourth release of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDBR4). Covering the period 1950-2023, it … combine it with trade data until 2023, and we investigate the effects of the recent sanctions on Russia's trade within an … effects. The implication is that such trade cost decreases may be sufficient to offset the effects of Western sanctions on …

sanctions on each other, including the euro zone members. The paper investigates the impact of the sanctions on the real side of … the economies of Russia and the euro area. The effects of sanctions are analyzed with a structural vector autoregression …. To pin down the effect we are interested in, we include an index that measures the intensity of the sanctions in the …

Union as a countermeasure to sanctions introduced by the EU and several other countries after Russia's actions in Ukraine … and the annexation of Crimea. This paper assesses the effect of Russia's counter-sanctions on the economies of the Baltic … problems in international trade data due to re-exports. The amount of trade affected by Russia's counter-sanctions varies …