This paper clarifies the main theoretical issues of corruption study such as definition, reasons, and consequences. An … estimate and branch analysis of corruption in Russia is offered. The research concentrates on effects produced by corruption on … social expenditures. The analysis demonstrates how corruption influences poverty situation after social transfers and …

This paper clarifies the main theoretical issues of corruption. An estimate and branch analysis of corruption in Russia … is offered. The research concentrates on effects produced by corruption on social expenditures. The analysis demonstrates … how corruption influences the poverty situation after social transfers and on the general efficiency of social payments …

corruption. Adverse interactions between politics, business and law enforcement generate obstacles for the rule of law and remain …

income but increased the income share from unidentified sources traditionally associated with corruption. These effects of …

This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty … towards the powers that be; thus corruption is a method of governance. We trace the systemic corruption back to the Mongolian …

income but increased the income share from unidentified sources traditionally associated with corruption. These effects of …