Russia's invasion of Ukraine has triggered a series of sanctions imposed by the European Union, the United States and others. Sanctions included restrictions on Russia's financial industry, its central bank and its coal and oil exporters, in addition to general export controls. Meanwhile,...

Financial sanctions are key in enforcing restrictions on Russian energy exports - in particular the G7/EU oil price cap regime - due to financial institutions' critical role in cross-border transactions. While the energy sanctions regime is having an impact on export earnings and budget...

We use a unique, comprehensive transactions-level dataset on Russian exports to evaluate the impact of international sanctions—focusing on crude oil and oil products. Relying on data through the first quarter of 2023, we find that the sanctions coalition’s strategy to keep Russian oil on the...

We use a unique high-frequency Russian customs dataset to evaluate the impact of international sanctions on Russia – focusing on Russian crude oil and oil products exports, as they are the key sources of export earnings and government revenues. We study the effects of two focal sanctions...