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Turkey's neo-Eurasianist ideologues describe themselves as “Kemalist Eurasianists”. They argue that “Eurasianism calls for a cultural, military, political and commercial alliance with Turkey’s eastern neighbors, notably Russia, Iran, the Turkic countries of Central Asia, and even...
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At the Second Belt and Road Forum in Beijing, held in April 2019, it was declared that the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) included 125 countries and involved over 1000 projects, worth a total of US$ 3-4 trillion. The Belt and Road Initiative was born big when President Xi announced it in 2013 in...
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Among the many significant geopolitical consequences of Russia’s war against Ukraine has been the reinvigoration of the Middle Corridor, both as a regional economic zone comprising Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Turkey but also as an increasingly attrac­tive alternative route between Europe...
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and abundance of hydrocarbon reserves. These hydrocarbon reserves are located mainly in three countries: Kazakhstan … of Beijing. The Western countries has gained influence particularly in Kazakhstan, but they have no political leverage in … industry of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The working paper is structured into four different sections. In the first …
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