In a controversial policy paper, Bachmann et al. (2022) argued back in March 2022 that the economic effects for Germany of a complete immediate stop of energy imports from Russia would be small, between 0.5% and 3% of GDP. Baqaee et al. (2022) even presented 0.3% GDP loss in the case of an...

The report reviews key issues in energy trade and cooperation between the EU and CIS countries. It describes historical trends of oil and gas demand in the EU, other European and CIS countries and offers demand forecasts until 2030. Recent developments in oil and gas production and exports from...

Im Januar 2009 war der Transport russischen Erdgases über das Pipelinesystem der Ukraine für knapp zwei Wochen unterbrochen. Vor allem einige Länder in Südosteuropa waren darauf schlecht vorbereitet. Aktuell ist der Streit um die Bezahlung von Erdgaslieferungen und Transitrechten zwischen...

Sanctions and their effectiveness are at the centre of the discussion about an appropriate response to Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine. At the latest since the atrocities of the war became evident and payment for gas supplies in roubles was brought into play, voices calling for a...