This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty … towards the powers that be; thus corruption is a method of governance. We trace the systemic corruption back to the Mongolian …

governors' terms, we find that corruption levels, as perceived by firms operating in different regions of Russia, increases … such information may serve as an explanation for the observed pattern of perceived corruption: if a governor gradually …, corruption increases over their terms, while in regions where governors are more likely to remain in office, perceived corruption …

data is reported from England, Ukraine and Russia on the motives of a specific group of entrepreneurs, namely those …

This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty … towards the powers that be; thus corruption is a method of governance. We trace the systemic corruption back to the Mongolian …

Corruption in higher education is a newly emerging topic in the field of education research. Some aspects of corruption … rigorous systematic research is lacking. This paper considers corruption in higher education in the media, following … corruption across the nations pointing to how exactly they differ and why. Major findings point to the following: some forms of …

We offer a novel big data approach to corruption detection and measurement by using statistical anomalies in publicly … observable allocations which corruption affects in a predictable manner. While each individual incidence of corruption remains … undetectable under the veil of secrecy, systemic corruption changes distributions of observable outcomes, and thus leaves …