the wake of sanctions and counter-sanctions, and that Russia has since lost importance as a trading partner. In an …

sanctions in 2014 and identify the degree and shape of vulnerability of German trade with respect to these two markets on the …

conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The impact of the conflict on Russia may have been amplified by sanctions imposed by … rates, oil prices, actual and unanticipated sanctions, we provide evidence on the driving forces of the Ruble exchange rate … sanctions matter for the conditional volatility of the variables involved. …

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine that started in March 2014 resulted in bilateral economic sanctions imposed by … Russia and Western countries, including the members of the euro area (EA). The paper investigates the impact of sanctions on … the real side of the economy of Russia and the EA. Using an index that measures intensity of sanctions the effects of …