In this paper, we argue that up to the recent financial crisis, Russia’s economic success was closely correlated with the introduction by the early Putin regime of a corporate state-private co-partnership system (SPCS). This system acts as a substitute to an effective property rights system in...

Using data from official manufacturing censuses, we compare labour productivity in Great Britain and the Russian Empire around 1908. We find that Russia’s labour productivity was at 81.9 percent of the U.K. level. Russia’s productivity was on a par with France’s and significantly superior...