survey small and medium-sized enterprises in Japan and South Korea. The results show that suppliers in global value chains …

This paper measures the extent to which South Korea participated in global value chains (GVCs) from 1995 through 2011 … is utilized to calculate GVC income, GVC employment, and value-added exports created by Korean and foreign industries …. Our findings show that Korea radically internationalized its production activities during the sample period, widening the …

-skilled– suffers more detrimental effects from deepening GVCs. Acemoglu and Autor (2011) argued that employment and wages in many … developed countries were recently polarized, which means that international competition due to globalization has targeted … primarily medium-skilled labor. Low-skilled jobs, such as cleaning or nursing care services, are relatively difficult to off …