Daten des ifo Kreditklimas, das zweimal jährlich im Rahmen des ifo Konjunkturtests erstellt wird, zeigen, dass deutsche KMUs in Gebieten nahe der österreichischen Grenze über einen besseren Zugang zu Krediten verfügen als andere Unternehmen. Ohne grenzüberschreitende Kredite wäre die Nähe...

Germany's bank-based financial system provides a high level of financial inclusion, measured by bank outreach and use of financial services. However, the most vulnerable individuals and small enterprises in Germany tend to be excluded or credit constrained. The quality of financial inclusion is...

This paper re-visits the state of decentralised banking in Germany, Spain and the UK. The cross-country comparison we conducted has identified Germany as having the most decentralised banking system, followed by Spain and the UK, as expected. The development of regional and double-purpose banks,...

This paper examines how Basel III capital reforms affected bank lending in Ger- many. We focus on the increase of minimum risk-based capital requirements and the introduction of the leverage ratio. The announcement of stricter risk-based capital regulation significantly affected low capitalized...