It remains an open question whether the impact of environmental regulations differs by the size of the business. Such differences might be expected because of statutory, enforcement, and/or compliance asymmetries. Here, we consider the net effect of these three asymmetries, by estimating the...

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of firms' operation and environmental protection polices in Nigeria and Ghana, where there has been a rising industrial growth amidst low regulatory and institutional frameworks. We analyze the extents to whic h firms' adoption of environmental...

Cryptomining, the clearing of cryptocurrency transactions, uses large quantities of electricity. We document that cryptominers' use of local electricity implies higher electricity prices for existing small businesses and households. Studying the electricity market in Upstate NY and using the...

This study examines the interaction between formalization of the artisanal and smallscale mining subsector and the regulation of negative environmental impacts in Tanzania. Formalization generally seeks to move the artisanal and small-scale mining subsector to legal status. Using documents,...

Water intensive manufacturing enterprises implicates a specific modality of human-nature relations, in which resources are "extracted" from nature to meet the demands of humans and the effluents (wastewater) and wastes produced in this process are ‘dumped’ back into nature (sea, river,...

Ombudsmen in OECD countries have a tradition which dates back to the 1960s. However, the establishment of SME-dedicated ombudsmen is a more recent trend which has developed along three main models: redress model; clearing house model; and advocacy model. Countries interested in introducing an...

We show how size-contingent laws can be used to identify the equilibrium and welfare effects of labor regulation. Our framework incorporates such regulations into the Lucas (1978) model and applies this to France where many labor laws start to bind on firms with exactly 50 or more employees....

Termination charges toward newer entrants are often set asymmetrically to exceed efficient costs for telephony traffic. Such practices are said to be beneficial to consumers as well as providing competition a quot;leg-upquot;. However claims of consumer benefit are dubious at best, while infant...

Householders' satisfaction and engagement with the retail energy market has generated considerable debate, this paper provides the first academic assessment of the situation for micro and small business (MSB) energy customers. We find that, while energy brokers are central to MSBs switching...

While householders' ability to navigate the domestic retail energy market has generated considerable debate, little attention has been given to micro and small businesses' (MSBs) purchasing of energy. This paper provides the first academic assessment of MSBs' satisfaction with the UK's retail...