This study critically examines the impact of international sanctions on bureaucratic quality in 74 developing countries … on the interaction between sanctions and economic crises, the research provides fresh empirical evidence on how external … methodology with robust controls and addressing endogeneity concerns, the findings reveal that international sanctions …

firms adopt when exposed to sanctions. We also assess how these strategies affect firms' financial performance. Research … sanctions. Proactive adaptation strategies positively impact financial performance. Agility and international experience are … mutually reinforcing. Implications & Recommendations: When exposed to the sanctions regime, proactive adaptation strategies …

) smuggled their own products into Iran in the 1990s in order to circumvent sanctions and other trade restrictions. In the early … - including potential sanctions breaching - may be warranted. This is especially relevant as, in April 2023, BAT agreed to pay … penalties exceeding US$629 million to resolve charges of bank fraud and sanctions violations in North Korea, following a …