sanctions system). The system is used to suspend and debar contractors that have engaged in fraud or corruption (and other … enumerated bad acts) related to Bank-financed projects. After reviewing the sanctions process, and identifying what appear to be … the Bank's current goals in its sanctions system (stemming reputational and fiduciary risks), the article recommends that …

financing the criminal justice system by introducing positive sanctions, which are benefits conferred to non …-convicts. Specifically, it proposes a procedure wherein a part of the imprisonment budget is re-directed towards financing positive sanctions … rate, the effectiveness of positive sanctions, and how accurately the government can direct positive sanctions towards …

There is growing recognition that economic sanctions — fines, surcharges, fees, and restitution — are routinely imposed … perception that economic sanctions are unfairly punitive to people of limited means. Concerns triggered primarily by highly … particular, this Article focuses on a potential reform with increasing bipartisan support: the graduation of economic sanctions …

This article - written for a symposium on comparative criminal law - discusses whether sanctions for economic crime … have become excessive in the Danish context either in absolute terms or in comparison with sanctions for crimes involving … optimal levels of sanctions and enforcement of crime. In the second part, I compare actual levels of sanctions in Denmark for …

recently to focus on the harmonization of procedure and sanctions, and in January 2016, the European Parliament called for … penalties against natural persons. This special issue looks at the current state of individual sanctions on the EU Member State … level, examines from a comparative perspective the institutional challenges which these individual sanctions present …

Collateral sanctions are legal restrictions on the rights and privileges of people who have experienced contact with …, collateral sanctions may limit a person’s ability to vote, live in public housing, own a firearm, qualify for an occupational …, and imposed by civil servants with wide leeway in their interpretation of rules, American collateral sanctions are varied …

whole, and on the individual participants' perspectives. Sanctions by the Bundeskartellamt in the last decade provide … covered either by compensation payments, or criminal sanctions. If custodial sentences were based on the probability of zero …. In light of these estimates, the practicality of achieving a sufficient degree of deterrence through criminal sanctions …