Many loan applicants and households face the problem of loan refusal but researchers passively discuss it and do not consider discussing its intensity. This paper uses the fifth round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey data, employing the logit and Poisson regression models on loan refusal as...

The aim of the paper is to analyze the development of the Estonian credit and saving market, especially considering the sector of households and non-financial corporations, in order to reveal the potential of saving and loan association (SLA) to enhance the economic and social development...

This paper discusses ideas and methodologies on reducing urban poverty, paying particular attention to the changes that can be triggered by the practice of community savings. As local communities struggle to improve their development options, this practice has demonstrated staying power and...

Higher-order risk effects play an important role in examining economic behavior under uncertainty. A precautionary demand for saving has been linked to the property of prudence and the property of temperance has been used to show how the presence of an unavoidable risk affects one's behavior...

Rural areas in India are underdeveloped relative to urban areas. One result of this has been a migration to urban areas; such migration, in turn, sharpens the problem of sustainability of rural communities. Even though there are some social benefits to urbanization, there are also disadvantages;...

Far from protecting the environment, most rail transit lines use more energy per passenger mile, and many generate more greenhouse gases, than the average passenger automobile. Rail transit provides no guarantee that a city will save energy or meet greenhouse gas targets. While most rail transit...