Advice abounds on when to carry out a Roth IRA conversion and how to pay for it. Often, a better planning strategy for some taxpayers may be to opt out of the two-year spread election for the tax liability from a Roth IRA conversion, incurring the entire resulting income tax in the conversion...

We directly compare retail investor execution costs with exchange execution costs. We find off-exchange retail trades execute at lower effective spreads than comparable exchange trades, primarily due to the uninformed nature of retail trades. These results hold when payment for order flow (PFOF)...

Traditional tax incidence theory emphasizes that the burden of a specific factor tax is shared by other factors of production. For example, a tax imposed on labor will reduce the quantity of labor hired, increase the capital-to-labor ratio, and reduce interest rates. Thus, owners of capital will...

We study the response of residential water demand to nonlinear prices by exploiting a natural experiment arising from a water pricing reform in a major Chinese city. The reform introduced an unconventional Increasing Block Tariff featuring prices set according to annual cumulative consumption...