German history over the past 125 years has been turbulent. Marked by two world wars, revolutions and major regime changes, as well as a hyperinflation and three currency reforms, expropriations and territorial divisions, it provides unique insights into the role of country-specific shocks in...

While in the data wealth is concentrated in the hands of a small number of rich people and the saving rate of the rich is high, many models used for quantitative policy evaluation fail to match these facts. In addition, some of the models that succeed in matching these facts have radically...

German history over the past 125 years has been turbulent. Marked by two world wars, revolutions and major regime changes, as well as a hyperinflation and three currency reforms, expropriations and territorial divisions, it provides unique insights into the role of country-specific shocks in...

Canadian tax rules allow accumulation of retirement savings in “tax assisted” plans, including defined-benefit (DB) pension plans, defined-contribution (DC) pension plans and RRSPs. These plans are intended primarily for workers with “middle class” incomes, who will not receive enough...

Recently, the federal government began redirecting health care tax subsidies towards tax–exempt Health Savings Accounts (HSA). This tax program requires selection of high–deductible policies—shifting government tax subsidies away from the premium (pure insurance) component and towards the...

This paper provides insight into the attributes of wage-earning households that participate in tax-deferred retirement savings plans. Examining data from federal tax returns, we find that approximately 52 percent of individuals and 55 percent of households participated in a retirement savings...

Abstract: This paper is about the comparison of the velocity of minimum escaped savings with the velocity of financial liquidity. This analysis is based on the cycle of money in combination with the velocity of minimum escaped savings with the velocity of financial liquidity. This means that...

In this article, we present a model that can account for the changes in the German current account balance since the 2000s. Our results suggest that an array of structural tax and labor market reforms (Agenda 2010), population aging and pension reforms led to an increase in the household savings...

This paper is about the comparison of the velocity of cycle of money with the velocity of financial liquidity. This analysis is based on the cycle of money in combination with the velocity of escaped savings with the velocity of financial liquidity. This means that used the escaped savings and...

This paper is about the comparison of the velocity of minimum escaped savings with the velocity of financial liquidity. This analysis is based on the cycle of money in combination with the velocity of minimum escaped savings with the velocity of financial liquidity. This means that used the...