Many researchers use GARCH models to generate volatility forecasts. We show, however, that such forecasts are too variable. To correct for this, we extend the GARCH model by distinguishing two regimes with different volatility levels. GARCH effects are allowed within each regime, so that our...

In general, the properties of the conditional distribution of multiple period returns do not follow easily from the one-period data generating process. This renders computation of Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall for multiple period returns a non-trivial task. In this paper we consider some...

We introduce a new hybrid approach to joint estimation of Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) for high quantiles of return distributions. We investigate the relative performance of VaR and ES models using daily returns for sixteen stock market indices (eight from developed and eight...

A two-regime self-exciting threshold autoregressive process is estimated for quarterly aggregate GDP of the fifteen countries that compose the European Union, and the forecasts from this nonlinear model are compared, by means of a Monte Carlo simulation, with those from a simple autoregressive...

We propose new scoring rules based on partial likelihood for assessing the relative out-of-sample predictive accuracy of competing density forecasts over a specific region of interest, such as the left tail in financial risk management. By construction, existing scoring rules based on weighted...

A typical MIDAS regression involves estimating parameters via nonlinear least squares, unless U-MIDAS is applied - which involves OLS - the latter being appealing when the sampling frequency differences are small. In this paper we propose to use OLS estimation of the MIDAS regression slope and...

In recent years, the field of financial econometrics has seen tremendous gains in the amount of data available for use in modeling and prediction. Much of this data is very high frequency, and even 'tick-based', and hence falls into the category of what might be termed big data. The availability...

Nowcasting methods have become a crucial tool for central banks and investors due to their timeliness and ability to make 'on the spot' predictions. However, despite their popularity, there has been little research into statistical methods for the comparison of different nowcasts across multiple...

The topic of this chapter is forecasting with nonlinear models. First, a number of well-known nonlinear models are introduced and their properties discussed. These include the smooth transition regression model, the switching regression model whose univariate counterpart is called threshold...