A stylized fact of African agriculture is that crop responses to inorganic fertilizer application derived from experimental studies are often substantially greater than those from observational studies (e.g. surveys and administrative data). Recent debates on relative costs and benefits of...

The Fourier Flexible form provides a global approximation to an unknown data generating process. In terms of limiting function specification error, this form is preferable to functional forms based on second-order Taylor series expansions. The Fourier Flexible form is a truncated Fourier series...

Most empirical studies seeking to estimate firm-level production technologies via proxy variable estimators focus on single-output production functions despite that, in practice, the majority of firms produce multiple outputs. Arguably, the primary reason for vast popularity of a single-product...

Productivity studies that use proxy variable estimators routinely specify single-output production functions despite most firms producing multiple outputs. This is usually accomplished by aggregating the firm's outputs using total revenue. Such a formulation rarely provides an adequate...