This paper discusses likelihood-based estimation of linear panel data models with general predetermined variables and individual-specific effects. The resulting (pseudo) maximum likelihood estimator is asymptotically equivalent to standard GMM but tends to have smaller finite-sample biases as...

We consider the measures of jointness proposed by Doppelhofer and Weeks (2009) and Strachan (2009) in the context of variable selection. Using the general criteria suggested in Ley and Steel (2007), we identify some shortcomings of these measures, which are illustrated with empirically relevant...