consequences. This paper provides the first large-scale empirical estimates of how farmers respond to changes in groundwater costs … variation in the price of electricity, a key input into groundwater extraction, we find that farmers are very price responsive … switching and fallowing are the main channel through which farmers respond to increases in groundwater costs. Using a static …

The use of environmental policy instruments such as eco-labelling and pesticide taxes should preferably be based on … disaggregate estimates of the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for pesticide risk reductions. We review the empirical … valuation literature dealing with pesticide risk exposure and develop a taxonomy of environmental and human health risks …