factor productivity. We argue that public capital, predominantly manifesting through infrastructure, constitutes an … productivity of private capital and total factor productivity within African economies. Employing the standard production approach … indispensable element for fostering growth. Fundamental to the productivity of private capital is its reliance on a sufficient stock …

plausibly argued to lead to increases in factor productivity in the private economy. This paper observes that government … infrastructure and the like do not usually yield direct pecuniary returns to the public exchequer. Instead public capital may be …