choice of the language used in the signs of a shopping street. We work with a dataset containing about 200 observations … the important assumption that multilingualism and the choice of the language (even in a street sign) is an individual and …

choice of the language used in the signs of a shopping street. We work with a dataset containing about 200 observations … the important assumption that multilingualism and the choice of the language (even in a street sign) is an individual and …

choice of the language used in the signs of a shopping street. We work with a dataset containing about 200 observations … the important assumption that multilingualism and the choice of the language (even in a street sign) is an individual and …

This paper studies the educational consequences of language proficiency by investigating the relationship between … modestly negative effect on boys' language test scores. In addition, we study whether there are spillover effects of peers …

, India, China), which has coincided with poor economic integration. Language proficiency is an important determinant of … language proficiency is crucial for good integration policy, as is understanding the relationship between these measures and …

In many transition countries, the collapse of communism ushered in language reforms to adapt to the newfound …’ economic opportunities, since foreign language proficiency may enhance or signal productivity in the labor market. Recent … empirical evidence documents positive labor market returns to English language skills in transition countries. However, Russian …

effect that language learning opportunities abroad have on German exports. We employ a gravity model of trade with a single … this effect is confined to institutes offering language training services, which suggests that language requirements and …